Ellis Island, NY
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In
1891 in London by Baron M. Hirsch of London, has an idea that Jews should become
agriculturalists, something denied
in
Europe. Accordingly he established a society to benefit of those who
wished to take up work in agriculture. He and the
Russian
government agreed to relocate Jews up to 3,250,000 Jews emigrating over a 25-year
time period.
Baron
Hirsch also sponsored sixteen agricultural development in the United States,
of which Woodbine, NJ was a successful.
In 1907, the Jewish Territorial Society established in Warsaw. This society was a break-off of the Zionist movement. It wanted to relocate European Jews wherever they would be accepted; not exclusively Palestine. However, it closed its doors the very next year, although the organization, itself, continued to exist.
Jewish Emigration Society - Russia
The Jewish Emigration Society, 1909 operated from Kiev, with numerous offices in other centers of the Russian Empire. Its mission was regulation of Jewish emigration to redirect Jews outside the overpopulated large cites, (New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston and Chicago) to the southern and southwestern states of North America, where there seemed to be more economic opportunity.
It
assisted the Jewish emigrant from departure from Russia to establishing
his new location in another country to the extent that they no longer
need assistance.
Supported
by well-to-do Jews, one of their experiments was immigration to
Galveston, Texas. A middling success, in 1909 (773); 1910 (2,500); 1911;
(1,400). By 1913, the threatened competition to nativists and the ‘strange’
religious rituals Jews exacted political retribution from the Texan communities.
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