History of the Kunis-Ettmgers

When Manus Met Minnie

A Short (partially linear) History of the Kunis-Ettmgers From Interviews with Edith Krimstock (edited and writtenby Roger Krinastock)

The "Climate" in Russia (Ukraine) for Jewish families

In the late 18th century and early 1900s, conditions in Russia

(Ukraine) became increasingly difficult for Jews (and probably

others). Too often it was life threatening. Jewish people were

limited in property ownership and how many children each

family could send to school. Many Jews left Russia (Ukraine) in

a hurry, and were eager to salvage what they could from their

possessions, including their businesses.

Many of the Kunis and Ettinger family members left Russia

(Ukraine) in the early 1900s, mostly for the United States. The

others stayed in Russia for various reasons; we don't know

much about the ones that stayed after World War I, because of

the isolation imposed by Soviet rule, and the fact that their

female relatives acquired different last names (unknown to

family in the United States) when they married. Immigration to

the United States could be tricky, e.g., if you had a US sponsor

with the same last name then you could directly immigrate to the

United States. Not so easy otherwise (especially if the country

of emigration met US immigration quotas).

Generally, when people emigrated from Russia, they went to

cities where they had relatives.

Manus Kunis: Background

Manus Kunis was born in Polona around 1886 to Israel and

Miriam Kunis. He had five older sisters (can name only 3),

including Bertha (aka Bosse), Elizabeth (aka Laka), and Furme

(not much is lcnown about her since she stayed in Russia), and

four brothers, including Samuel. Manus was the oldest of the

boys. He worked in the seasonal family business (??). It was a

hard life, since staples, including food, were hard to come by

"out of season". Manus contracted rheumatic fever as a young

child, so he was "treated a little more gently" than his siblings.

Later on, he proved quite capable of doing all the "normal"

activities (he spoke to me of a job that required carrying "100

pound sacks" on his back!).

As a teenager, —1903, Manus left Polona for Odessa, to find

work (delivered bread for a bakery). Around the same time,

Laka and Bosse left Russia to join their boyfriends in England,

planning to eventually go to the United States. Sometime

afterwards, Samuel (Shochna) left to join his sisters in the

United States. Samuel never became a US citizen. He married a

Trenton born woman (US citizen?), but during the war she was

considered an alien.

Manus was drafted into the Russian army around 1906, when he

was —21, for about 3 years. When he returned, he went to

Polona (where his parents were), a shiddich (marriage match)

was made for him and an "older" woman with a dowry (Mom

says she was in her late 20s).

Manus found out about someone in Romanov with a leather

tanning business (leather treatment, glue making, etc., with

"special chemicals") who was leaving the country. He managed

to get enough money to buy the business at a "cheap price",

sometime in 1913. He moved the family to Romanov. Manus

became very successful in the leather tanning business. He

provided jobs to a number of family members, jobs that included

delivery of leather goods. To drum up business outside the local

community, he developed mail order advertising, sending

postcards, and if the recipient was interested they would place

an order. He also personally traveled from Romanov to other

communities, going into various types of stores (e.g., furniture

stores would buy glue) and pushing his wares. On a side note,

Manus stayed in Russia, while many others had fled, because of

the success of the business.

Abraham Mendel (Uncle Abe) was born in 1914. Then, during

childbirth (a second pregnancy), Manus lost both his wife and

child.

Minnie Ettinger: Background

her hands in the water (she developed a skin condition). And,

just like that, the fish market became a vegetable and fruit

market.

Manus and Minnie rented a house on Lamberton Street, and

purchased a property on Market Street for the vegetable and fruit

market. They leased out the smaller part of the building to

people from Philadelphia who ran a "cheese, egg and butter

store". When the lease expired, Manus integrated the cheese,

egg and butter business into his vegetable and fruit market to

become a "full store in the Jewish shopping area". That's when

Kohn's Bakery refused to sell bread to Samuel Kunis, who was

retailing the bread to his own customers. So, Manus decided to

build -a bakery (in the-smaller part) to "help Samuel make a

living". When that didn't work out, Manus rented out the

bakery to the Lubitz family. Eventually, after about 10 years, the

Lubitz family sold the bakery business and signed over the lease

to the Mars family (Jack). When Jack went into the army, his

mother and father couldn't keep it going. So, Manus paid them

for the bakery business, thereby owning the property and the

business as well. It wasn't long before Manus closed the

grocery store (competition from "supermarkets"), and turned the

larger part of the property into Kunis Bakery (on Market Street).

When Uncle Mannie returned from the service, he ran the

bakery. However, after Bob was born, Mannie, Irene and Bob

moved back to Portland.

Edie went to Temple University, and was able to live in a

dormitory while Uncle Mannie was running the bakery. Edie

married Sam Krimstock just after graduating from college

("within a couple of days"). After their honeymoon, Edie and

Sam planned to go to Portland, where Sam had a job offer from

a "display" company to set up a West Coast branch. Manus

wanted Edie to remain in Trenton, so he offered Sam the bakery

after Manus retired if he stayed in Trenton to run the bakery.

They had actually sent some of their belongings to Uncle

Mannie's apartment in Portland, but plans had now changed.

Edie and Sam were in the bakery business for 7 years. They and the Krimstocks (Sam, Edie, Roger and Steve) went

to Portland to explore business opportunities, and, as it turned

out, carried the measles virus to new opportunities on the west

coast!

Afterword

In the 1950s and 1960s, Manus and Minnie lived in an

apartment in the Edie and Sam Krimstock Levittown house (10

miles from Trenton), spending winters in Miami Beach. Edie's

children especially benefited from and enjoyed the opportunity

to live with their grandparents. Manus would sit in his "great

easy chair", with grandchildren sitting at his feet, and tell stories

and answer questions about the "old days". Minnie tried to

teach them^-Yiddush, Russian, aTid aTitlimetic^-tricks. ‑

Family and friends from Trenton would come to Levittown to

visit Manus and Minnie. Meyer Rednor, an old friend from

Trenton, came to visit many times over the years. He always

came bearing gifts, which for me was fresh halvah.

On one of the Napoleonic campaigns of the French army into

Russia, a soldier (last name was Manzon), who either lost heart

or "got smart", deserted somewhere in the Ukraine. There, after

a fashion, he met and married a Jewish girl. He had been French

Catholic but converted to Judaism. He was the ancestor of

Label Manzon.

Joseph Ettinger was a young, orphaned boy when the (Label)

Manzons took him into their family. He had been with other

families, but the Manzons gave him a more permanent home

(when he was 16 or 17), "seeing in him a suitor for their eldest

daughter", Etta Lochel, who was 15. Eventually, Joseph and

Etta married and had at least 12 children, including Minnie.

The Ettingers lived in the town of Berdijef, a "Jewish town", in

the state of Kiev. Berdijef was a relative hub for business, larger

than either Polona (Kunis family) or Romanov (Manus Kunis

family), with more business and purchasing opportunities.

Minnie Ettinger was born around 1896 to Joseph and Etta

Lochel Ettinger. Minnie had at least 11 siblings: Hoschel, Israel,

Feige, Sam, Srulick, Anna, Sarah, Rachel, Nathan, Moishe, and

Lily.

Although the area was "very, very poor", Minnie's grandparents,

Label and Miriam Manzon were very wealthy, very charitable to

the poor.

Only one child from a (Jewish) family could go to "public"

school. "Traveling tutors" could be employed to teach the other

children. Minnie was the child in her family who went to

gymnasium (the public high school).

Minnie worked in the family store. Since she was "good at

sales", she was the one who met the customers.

Manus Meets Minnie

Manus met Minnie during a trip to Berdijef (it may have been

for business, to buy things not available in Romanov, or both).

In one of the stores he visited, he saw Minnie. He

"immediately admired her", came back a number of times,

spoke to her parents, and a shiddich was made. Manus married

Minnie around 1916. Manus (and Minnie) continued the leather

tanning business in Romanov, and in 1918 Manuel (Uncle

Mannie!) was born.

When Uncle Mannie was just about to be born, or shortly

afterwards, Minnie's grandmother, Miriam Manzon, died.

Minnie was not able to go to the funeral, so Manus traveled to

Berdijef, to sit shivah in Label Manzon's house. Miriam

Manzon was in a casket in the living room.. Suddenly,

Bolsheviks stormed into the house. Label pushed Manus into a

closet, to hide him, a move that saved his life. Label was killed.

The situation in the area became extremely dangerous for Jews (

Russian Revolution). Sometime in 1919, Manus went into a

nearby city to get some things, including the infamous "Persian

coat" for Minnie. In the city, Bolsheviks on horseback forced

Jews (and others) into a courtyard in a random purge. Manus

got caught up in this, finding himself in the courtyard. He

decided, "If they're going to kill me, let them shoot me in the

back!" So, he ran from the courtyard, into an alley, where a

caring woman took him into her house, and he was saved. That

was enough. When he got home, he said to Minnie, "we're

leaving!" He must have tried to convince his parents and

brothers and sister to leave with him, but they "didn't want to

leave their Jewish town".

Manus gathered what he could for the journey, including a

"feather bed and blankets", but couldn't find the gold he hid in

the back yard (there wasn't time He told me many years later

that there were 900,000 rubles buried there. Interestingly, a

number evenly divisible by the number of his grandchildren!).

He gave all of his furniture to a "gentile", who took them across

the border to Poland. Manus and the family went to Warsaw,

where many Jews were waiting to go the United States. This

included most of the Ettinger family. Manus and the family

stayed in Poland for 11 months, waiting for the opportunity to

go the United States. At that time, if you had relatives who were

US citizens with your last name, then you could quickly

immigrate. Two of the Ettinger brothers were US citizens, so

the Ettingers could immigrate, but not the Kunises. A Jewish

organization told Manus his best bet was to go to Argentina,

since the Argentinian quota to immigrate to the US was never

filled - it would be easier to immigrate to the US from there.

Manus and the family stopped in Paris to see relatives (all the

Manzon children, except Etta and Joseph, had immigrated to

Paris). Then, they took a ship to Buenos Aires. In Argentina,

Manus tried to build a leather tanning business, as he had in

Russia. He struggled to find the right chemicals to tan and

process the leather. Apparently, the climate in Argentina

required different leather processing chemicals. After they were

in Argentina for about 2 years, Sam Kaplan and Bosse sent

money and sponsored them to come to the US on the Argentina

quota.

Little about Manus and Minnie's Relatives in the US

Samuel and Bosse Kaplan went to New York to be with

Samuel's relatives.

Tool and Laka Lisook went to Boston to be with Tool's relatives.

Tool Lisook was interested in the pottery trade, but found that it

"wasn't happening in Boston". He contacted people from the

Russian home town who told him that. Trenton had a stronger

pottery industry. He and Laka went to Trenton, looked for work

in the pottery factories, but found they weren't hiring Jews. So,

Tool Lisook went into business on his own, including a gas

station and a delicatessen.

Samuel Kunis was located in Trenton and had two businesses,

including a fish market.

Manus and Minnie in the US

Manus and Minnie went to New York sometime in 1923, where

they stayed with Minnie's parents, Joseph and Etta. Manus was

"very unhappy" in New York. When his brother Samuel came

to see him, Samuel told him he had two businesses in Trenton

and would give one to Manus if he decided to move to Trenton.

Manus immediately moved his family to Trenton, taking over

the fish market. They got an apartment with furniture

purchased from an "old lady".

The fish market offered live fish on Thursday and Friday,

usually carp and mullet. Minnie helped in the store. Manus

said, "If fish, then might as well have vegetables". So, they now

had a fish and vegetable market. Minnie said she couldn't put